Turbulent explosion characteristics of stoichiometric syngas

In the present article, series of experiments were conducted to investigate turbulent explosion characteristics of stoichiometric syngas (with different hydrogen concentrations, 10%‐90% in volume fraction) in a 28.73‐L spherical turbulent premixed explosion system. The evolution of explosion pressure was recorded in different turbulent environment (with different turbulent intensity, 0.100‐1.309 m/s in root mean square value of velocity fluctuation). From the explosion pressure historic curves, the maximum pressure, lag duration, and explosion duration were obtained; the pressure rise rate and fast burn duration were derived; and deflagration index could be further calculated. The interaction effects of turbulent intensity and hydrogen addition on those explosion parameters were systematically analysed and discussed. Based on the results, an empirical formula about deflagration index of stoichiometric syngas was established.     

Evaluating the effect of building construction periods on household dampness/mold and childhood diseases corresponding to different energy efficiency design requirements

Despite concerns about building dampness and children’ health, few studies have examined the effects of building energy efficiency standards. This study explored the connections between self-reported household dampness and children’ adverse health outcomes across buildings corresponding to construction periods (pre-2001, 2001-2010, post-2010). Significant differences of dampness-related indicators were found between buildings; the prevalence was remarkable in pre-2001 buildings. The prevalence of lifetime-ever doctor-diagnosed diseases for children was significantly associated with building dampness (adjust odd ratios > 1), but was not affected by construction periods. The hygrothermal performance for a typical residence was simulated, varying in U-values of envelopes and air change rates. The simulated performance improvement increased indoor temperatures in 2001-2010 and post-2010 buildings. The frequency with higher indoor relative humidity was higher in pre-2001 buildings, leading to the highest values for maximum mold index (M_max) on wall surface, especially in winter. Compared to buildings in 2001-2010, increased insulation and lower air change rate led to a relatively higher relative humidity in post-2010 buildings, adversely increasing the M_max values. The findings addressed the positive and negative role of building standard development, which help suggesting appropriate environmental and design solutions to trade-off energy savings and dampness/mold risk in residences.     

When green marketing meets reality: selected facts about sustainable house building

Since 2012, Life Cycle Engineering Experts (LCEE) have carried out a series of comprehensive studies into the sustainability of market‐relevant (also potentially) construction methods in German housing ([1] to [4]). The methodical basis was a systematic application of the sustainability assessment approach of the Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) applied to representative model buildings from the detached house and apartment building sectors (see Figs. 1 and 2). The key findings have been compressed into themed fact sheets intended to ensure appropriate knowledge and information transfer to various recipients. As a contribution to less marketing and more reality, the following paper outlines the lessons learnt from selected example fact sheets concerning sustainable housing.     

一种增量式软件开发工时度量方法研究

为了定量地管理增量式软件的迭代开发,进一步做好增量式软件开发资源分配和成本估算,需要度量开发工时.每个迭代阶段增量需求是以一定的概率实现的,把这个概率作为开发任务完成率的度量,提出增量式软件开发迭代周期的度量方法,进而获得对整个软件项目开发工时的预测.通过实例对方法进行了验证..     

辽宋金元时期葫芦形注壶比较研究

葫芦形注壶是葫芦形饮具中的常见的一种器形,在辽宋金元时期较为多见。在历史衍变中,葫芦形成为中原传统的器形,并在辽宋金元时期,因为社会生活模式、文化习俗、饮食方式和饮食器具组合的碰撞得到积淀和发展。通过这一时间段葫芦形执壶的比较研究,发现葫芦形执壶在结构形制上既具相似性又有区别性,探究出葫芦形注壶呈现出多种文化相渗的特色,是影响流行在辽宋金元时期的一种饮具,起初适用于北方民族的马上生活,并逐步适应了少数民族定居生活模式。     

Time-dependent rheological behaviour of cemented backfill mixture

When cemented backfill mixture (CBM) is transported through pipelines from a backfill plant to stopes, it experiences shearing forces over the transport time. In this paper, the effects of solids concentration, binder content, shear rate and curing time on the time-dependent rheological behaviour of CBM were studied. It was found that over long periods of shearing at a constant rate greater than 5 s^?1, the shear stress decreased at first and then increased gradually with time. When the shear rate was less than 0.5 s^?1, shear stress increased slightly firstly with shearing time, then it started to behave similar to the test with a higher shear rate whose shear stress decreased firstly and then increased. The samples that were sheared at a higher shear rate exhibited a lower apparent viscosity and the higher yield stress CBM samples displayed more pronounced shear-thinning properties. It was also found that for transient flow, increasing the solids concentration and the curing time lead to both a higher initial shear stress (τ₀) and minimum shear stress (τ_min). When the cement to tailings ratio increased, the τ₀, τ_min and final shear stress after shearing for 3600 s (τ₃₆₀₀) increased at first, and then subsequently decreased. Moreover, changes in the solids concentration profile and the cement hydration property were displayed during the rheological tests.     

我国北方学校冬季采暖期的节能方法研究

介绍了我国北方学校办公楼、教学楼等公共建筑按作息时间采用分时恒温供暖的计算机远程自动控制系统,在锅炉供热正常的情况下,保证工作和上课时间内提供舒适的温度,在下班和下课后,公共建筑无人时,通过计算机网络对电控阀门实行部分关闭,采用小流量控制供热,达到节能减排的目的.     

Determination of nutrients and volatile constituents of Agaricus bisporus (brown) at different stages

BACKGROUND: The physical properties, proximate composition, mineral and vitamin contents, and estimated volatile components of Portobello mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (brown), were analyzed in three flushes and at two different harvest times. The results showed different trends in the flushes and harvest terms studied. RESULTS: The mean values of texture, diameter, and protein of the harvested produce were 1.78–1.97 kg mm^?2, 4.67–5.02 cm, and 4.18–3.31% wet weight basis (wb), respectively. The mean Zn, Fe, P, Mg, K, Na, and Ca contents of both harvests (mg kg^?1 wb) were 8.15–7.07, 7.40–7.96, 1180.93–1038.69, 88.05–76.29, 213.29–238.82, 2652.0–2500.89, and 534.2–554.80, respectively. In terms of vitamin C, folic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin, the mean contents (mg kg^?1 wb) were 6.75–3.97, 0.09–0.08, 0.085–0.09, 0.27–0.29, and 3.62–2.94, respectively. The estimated volatile components comprised 18‐ or 16‐carbon compounds such as octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid derivatives, and other important volatiles like dl‐limonene, n‐nonane, benzendicarboxylic acid, and cis‐linoleic acid esters. CONCLUSION: Nutritive contents and estimated volatiles of Portobello mushroom were evaluated in detail at different stages. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Risk assessment of water security in Haihe River Basin during drought periods based on D-S evidence theory

The weights of the drought risk index （DRI）, which linearly combines the reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability, are difficult to obtain due to complexities in water security during drought periods. Therefore, drought entropy was used to determine the weights of the three critical indices. Conventional simulation results regarding the risk load of water security during drought periods were often regarded as precise. However, neither the simulation process nor the DRI gives any consideration to uncertainties in drought events. Therefore, the Dempster-Shafer （D-S） evidence theory and the evidential reasoning algorithm were introduced, and the DRI values were calculated with consideration of uncertainties of the three indices. The drought entropy and evidential reasoning algorithm were used in a case study of the Haihe River Basin to assess water security risks during drought periods. The results of the new DRI values in two scenarios were compared and analyzed. It is shown that the values of the DRI in the D-S evidence algorithm increase slightly from the original results of Zhang et al. （2005）, and the results of risk assessment of water security during drought periods are reasonable according to the situation in the study area. This study can serve as a reference for further practical application and planning in the Haihe River Basin, and other relevant or similar studies.